Rose hip translated from the Latin Rosa. Belongs to the genus Rosaceae, family Rosaceae. There are up to 400 species. People call rose hips: wild rose, forest pinch, thorn. The rosehip took its name from the presence of sharp spines, hence the thorn.
Rose hips growing in our country are mainly shrubs. But some specimens of these species, reaching an age of several hundred years, grow into entire trees. Several types of rose hips grow here - these are wrinkled rose hips, needle hips, cinnamon rose hips, dog rose hips and several more species.
Botanical description
Rosehips are mostly upright shrubs, less often vines, sometimes low tree-like forms or almost herbaceous plants, the shoots of which are covered with numerous thorns. The leaves are predominantly imparipinnate, with paired stipules, deciduous, less often evergreen. Rosehip flowers come in a wide variety of colors: from pure white to bright red and even black. They are large or small, often not double, less often with more or less pronounced doubleness, in inflorescences (corymbose or corymbose-paniculate), solitary, sometimes in twos or several.
Cinnamon rose hips belong to the Rosaceae family. Shrub up to 1.5-2 m in height with thin twig-like branches, covered with reddish-brown bark, thorns somewhat curved, flattened at the base, hard, sessile, 2 at the base of leaves; they are not found on flowering shoots; on annual shoots there are also numerous thorns and bristles. The leaves are imparipinnate, 4-9 cm long, with 5-7 leaflets, green above, grayish-pubescent below with well-defined veins. The leaves are thin, oblong-elliptical or oblong-ovate, toothed, the petioles are short-pubescent, smooth or with scattered spinules and often short-stemmed glands hidden in the pubescence; the stipules are stem-embracing, 3/4 fused with the petiole, the upper leaves are wider than the lower ones . The flowers are pink, 3-5 cm in diameter, with lanceolate bracts, fragrant, solitary or 2-3, smooth pedicels, 5-17 mm long, petals with a notch at the apex,
sepals, 5 in number, entire, converging upward when fruiting. The fruit is 11-15 mm in diameter, spherical or oval, juicy, smooth, orange-red, formed from an overgrown pitcher-shaped receptacle, at the bottom of which numerous fruit-nuts develop. It blooms in June-July, the fruits ripen in August and remain on the branches until winter.
Rose hips begin to bear fruit after 3-4 years. Active fruiting from 2 to 6 years. Fruits are formed mainly from the growth of the previous year. Rose hips are pollinated by insects. It is advisable to have at least 2-3 plants of different species or varieties on the site.
Recipes
Decoction
Take 1.5 tablespoons of petals, place them in a 1-liter thermos and pour boiling water over them. Let it brew for 12 hours. It's better to do this at night.
Use 2 tablespoons per day for medicinal and preventive purposes. Recommended for colds and vitamin deficiency.
A decoction of the petals is recommended for colds and vitamin deficiency
Alcohol infusion
Place 100 grams of petals in a glass jar, compact and fill with alcohol. Leave in a dark place for at least 3 weeks.
Keep refrigerated. Use strictly as directed, do not give to children.
Take orally with water or as compresses. Particularly effective for a runny nose, toothache , gum disease, rapid heartbeat, and nausea.
Avicenna used an alcohol infusion; he recommended taking it for noise in the head.
Blank
The fruits are collected during their ripeness, when they acquire an orange-red color, from late August - early September until frost; It should be collected carefully, by hand, in tarpaulin or other mittens, directly from the bush, and only whole bright red, unspoiled fruits, when they are still hard, trying not to crush them. Overripe fruits become juicy, soft and harder to pick. Freshly picked fruits must be dried immediately.
The fruits are dried in well-heated ovens, on iron sheets or nets. To dry a large number of berries, nets with berries are placed on bricks in 2-3 rows, but it is necessary to ensure that air has free access to all the berries and that the berries do not burn. They can be dried in fruit and vegetable dryers at a temperature of 80-90 ° C, and in the southern regions - in the sun. Dry rose hips are orange-red, taste sour-sweet, odorless.
If you have a summer house and want to grow rose hips, then it is better to plant it in the fall. And for normal fruiting, it is better to plant two or three types of rose hips that bloom at the same time. Rose hips begin to bear fruit after 3-4 years. The fruits can be dried, and in winter, brewed and drunk 1-2 glasses a day as a multivitamin drink.
Is it effective for losing weight?
It is still impossible to say with certainty that consuming rose hips in pharmaceutical forms, or in the form of your own preparations, will allow you to lose extra pounds. The network is filled with a lot of recipes for teas, infusions and decoctions with rose hips for weight loss, the authors of which, almost with mathematical precision, promise readers the achievement of positive results when consuming these products.
At the same time, the effect of rose hips on the body has not yet been fully studied, and there are no serious academic studies that would experimentally prove the correctness of these statements.
Application
Infusions from rosehip roots and fruits have long been used in folk medicine in cases of liver and gastrointestinal tract diseases. For stomach catarrh (gastritis) with reduced acidity, use an infusion of 3 tablespoons of rose hips per 1 liter of water, 1/2 cup 3 times a day.
Rose hips are a multivitamin with a predominance of vitamin C - ascorbic acid; they have phytoncidal and powerful bactericidal properties.
In Chinese medicine, rose hip root is used as a remedy that improves digestion and as an anthelmintic. In Tibetan medicine, the fruits are used to treat pulmonary tuberculosis, neurasthenia, and atherosclerosis.
Cinnamon rosehip flower petals, chewed or boiled, are used for arrhythmias to strengthen the heart muscle.
Infused delicate rosehip petals produce rose aromatic water. Popular in cosmetology.
Rosehip oil or oil extract is a derivative whose therapeutic effect is predetermined by the complex of vitamins contained in the fruit. It has a general strengthening effect, enhances tissue regeneration and hormone synthesis, takes part in carbohydrate and mineral metabolism, and has anti-inflammatory and immunostimulating properties. It is often used externally for trophic ulcers, some diseases of the skin and mucous membranes.
Rose hips are used in the form of infusion, syrup, extract, powder, in the treatment of diseases caused by a lack of vitamin C and some other vitamins in the body. Rose hips are useful for patients with diabetes to enhance physical and mental performance, relieve fatigue, and overwork.
The drink obtained by steaming rosehip leaves improves gastric motility, and a decoction of the roots is used as an astringent and tonic for gastrointestinal diseases, kidney and gallstone disease. Rosehip seed oil is used as a choleretic, diuretic and anti-inflammatory agent.
The liver will be much healthier if you drink a decoction of rose hips in monthly courses several times a year.
How to prepare tincture of rosehip flowers (video)
Rosehip flowers are widely used in cosmetology in the form of compresses with decoctions or water infusions, which can rejuvenate the skin, restore its smoothness and elasticity, eliminate swelling and various defects, and help get rid of age spots and spider veins. Cosmetologists recommend taking baths with the addition of rosehip flowers: this procedure well moisturizes and effectively softens the skin, relieves skin irritation and inflammatory processes, and also helps get rid of cellulite and postpartum stretch marks.
Place for planting rose hips
To grow rose hips , it is better to choose well-lit areas; make sure that the place for planting rose hips is not swampy or excessively wet - planting rose hips in such a place can lead to a decrease in yield, because Rosehip roots grow deep into the soil. The best soil for growing rose hips is gray forest soil or black soil.
If we talk about the timing of planting rose hips, then rose hips can be planted both in spring and autumn. For planting, it is better to use one- or two-year-old rosehip seedlings. Most often, rosehip seedlings are planted in October or early November.
The soil must be cleared of previous crops and processed to a depth of about 20 cm. If the soil is acidic, it is better to add rotted manure or a mixture of compost and mineral fertilizers.
To plant rose hips, you need to dig holes 50*50*50, at a distance of two meters from each other, and “fill” them with the following mixture:
- top plant layer of soil
- about 15 kg of humus
- 250 g superphosphate
– 50 g of potassium sulfate
It is also important to prepare rosehip seedlings for planting:
- the ground part of the rose hips must be shortened to 10 cm
- roots are shortened to 20 cm
— seedlings are immersed in a container with a mixture of peat and manure (one shovel of manure + one shovel of peat)
Next, you need to generously water the pits for planting rose hips and you can plant the seedlings.
If we talk about the propagation of rose hips, then this can be done in several ways.
Description of the beneficial properties of the plant
The fruits, flowers, leaves and roots of rose hips are used for medicinal purposes. According to the description, they contain organic acids, minerals, vitamins, carotene, phytoncide, sucrose and essential oils .
They are widely used in folk and modern medicine. The healing parts of rose hips have the following properties:
- cleanse the circulatory system;
- improve metabolic processes;
- strengthen weak immunity;
- the body is enriched with vitamins;
- used for anemia;
- used for kidney and bladder diseases;
- prescribed for liver problems;
- used as a diuretic and tonic.
Rose hips: methods of propagation
Rose hips are propagated by seedlings, root cuttings and seeds.
Propagation by seedlings is the most popular method of propagating rose hips, because Thanks to this method, you can “get” a full-fledged shrub in the shortest possible time. Planting takes place in late October - early November. If the soil is acidic, lime fertilizers should be added to it. Rosehip seedlings are pruned so that subsequently 8-10 cm remain above the surface. It is better to plant the bushes at a distance of two meters from each other.
Propagation by root layering is carried out as follows: we select the largest, most beautiful and healthy bush, from it we separate the rhizomatous shoot with a shovel, which we will replant.
Propagating rose hips by seeds is considered a “thankless task”, because... requires a lot of effort and is the most time consuming. However, many gardeners prefer this method of propagation.
It is recommended to collect material for seed propagation at the end of summer; not quite ripe, brown rose hips are collected. Planting of seeds is carried out in mid-autumn: the seeds are planted in rows and sprinkled with sawdust for the winter. In the spring, as soon as the first shoots appear, the bed is covered with a film (greenhouse), which can be removed when the first full leaves appear.
As it turns out, planting rose hips is not a difficult task. “How to properly care for rose hips?” - you ask, then I suggest you learn more about it.
Is it possible during pregnancy?
To date, there is no clinical evidence of the negative effects of consuming rose hips during pregnancy. At the same time, if you look at the official instructions for drugs based on rosehip extract, manufacturers persistently urge consumers to be careful when consuming the product.
The use of rosehip during pregnancy is justified if there is no alternative, when there is no other way to compensate for the vitamin deficiency.
It is advisable, in this case, to replace rose hips with alternative vitamin complexes, some lines of which are specially produced for pregnant women.
Rosehip: proper care
Rose hips need watering, fertilizing, pruning and thinning of the bush.
Rose hips need watering, but there is no need to water them often: the plant absorbs enough moisture from the soil. Rose hips only need watering in very hot and dry weather. During the season, rose hips are watered no more than three times (at the rate of 2 buckets per bush).
As for fertilizing, rose hips need to be fed with nitrogen fertilizers three times a season.
- first feeding - in early spring, after hibernation
- second feeding - in mid-summer
- third feeding - during the fruiting period (in August)
Rose hips are also fertilized with organic fertilizers, because it is thanks to them that the rose hips will be stronger and healthier. Rose hips are fed with organic fertilizers once every three years (three buckets of humus are added to pre-loosened soil under one bush).
An important role in the “proper development” of a plant is played by pruning and thinning.
Rose hips need thinning starting from the second year of life. Old, dry or damaged shoots that have stopped bearing fruit are removed. Thinning is carried out in the fall, after leaf fall. The plant requires pruning by the eighth year of its life. This is done to rejuvenate the bush. A plant that begins to dry out is cut off flush with the ground, thus awakening the “sleeping” buds and young basal shoots begin to grow.
Rosehip: pest control
The main enemy of rose hips is the rose fly. This insect damages rose hips and can destroy about 70% of the crop. This pest overwinters in the pupal stage in the soil at a depth of about 10 cm. To combat it, the soil near the rose hip bush (and nearby) must be dug up to a depth of about 15 cm and the plant must be sprayed with BI-58.
So, as it turns out, planting rose hips is not such a labor-intensive process, and proper care will not only allow you to enjoy the unsurpassed appearance and aroma of rose hips, but will also provide you and your family with a storehouse of vitamins for the whole year.
Conditions for growing gooseberries, planting and care
Rosehip has an important feature: it has the ability to form new branches every year. This allows you to restore the ground part in a fairly short time if it was damaged or destroyed. It is best to plant the shrub on fertile and moisture-rich soils, since the plant is warm and light-loving. Rose hips have a low need for the duration of winter organic dormancy, therefore, during prolonged thaws, the winter hardiness of this plant usually decreases, which can lead to freezing after the onset of cold weather in the spring.
New flower buds, the basis for next year's fruiting, are partially formed on the branches of two- to three-year-old branches, which have the least winter hardiness.
For ease of care when planting, it is better to place rosehip seedlings on an area with a flat surface or a gentle slope without microdepressions. It is desirable that the surface slope is directed towards the south or southwest. Valleys and floodplains with fertile soils and a high content of humus and phosphorus are also suitable for planting rose hips, if they are not subject to flooding for a long time. Rosehip is a moisture-loving plant, so the yield will be high only if this plant is regularly provided with soil moisture.
Soil preparation should begin six months before planting. During this time, it must be carefully dug up (mid-late summer), having previously been fertilized with manure at the rate of 10–12 kg per 1 m2. Next, until autumn, you should keep the area free of weeds and periodically loosen it.
In the fall, it is necessary to dig planting holes 30 cm deep and 50 cm wide and add a kilogram of rotted manure into them. The distance between pits in a row should be 1 m, between rows - 3 m.
Immediately before planting, the roots of the seedlings must be dipped in a mixture of equal parts of clay, humus and water. This is done to prevent them from drying out. Then the seedlings should be placed in holes and the roots should be covered with soil, compacting it at the same time. After this, the plants should be watered abundantly, and the soil around the seedlings should be sprinkled with dry soil and mulched with peat, sawdust or finely chopped straw. Planting is best done in the fall, before frost sets in and the soil freezes, or in early spring, before the buds open.
In order for the plants to be better pollinated, it is necessary to plant several varieties of rose hips (2–3), alternating their rows. It is advisable to have at least one family of bees on the site, since these insects are the best pollinators for rose hips.
Rosehip has a powerful root system, it grows quickly and can be used to strengthen the soil and combat soil erosion (if such a need arises).
Rosehip loves illuminated areas where there is a lot of sunlight. It will grow best in elevated areas with fertile soil, in which there is no stagnation of groundwater. Rosehip roots go very deep into the ground, so do not plant it in marshy or low-lying soil - it will quickly wither and die. In terms of the growth of the root system, rose hips are similar to raspberries: after several years of the plant’s life, its roots grow in the upper layers of the soil and begin to occupy large areas. To prevent it from spreading, you need to fence the bushes with a small ditch 20–30 cm deep or dig in pieces of slate to the same depth.
Rose hips can be planted along the border of a personal plot (to protect it) or as separate bushes in the most inconvenient places: near a compost heap or next to an outbuilding.
Seedlings are planted in autumn and spring. Before planting, prepare the area as usual. The distance between plants is 1.5–2 m. For planting, holes are dug with a diameter of 60 cm and a depth of 50 cm. The soil from the upper plant layer is mixed with 10–15 kg of organic fertilizers, and 3 tbsp of mineral fertilizers is added. spoons of superphosphate, 2 tbsp. spoons of potassium sulfate and 2 tbsp. spoons of urea. Fill the hole with the prepared mixture and plant the seedling.
When growing rose hips, when caring for shrubs during the growing season, loosening the soil, thinning the bushes, pruning old, weak and broken shoots, root and foliar feeding are carried out.
Root feeding is carried out before and after flowering and after the fruits have been fully harvested: dilute 1 tbsp per 10 liters of water. spoons of urea, nitrophoska and 3 tbsp. spoons of liquid organic fertilizer “Effecton for berry crops”. The solution consumption is 10–15 liters per bush.
The second root feeding is carried out immediately after flowering: dilute 2 tbsp per 10 liters of water. spoons of “Potassium humate” for fruit crops and 3 tbsp. spoons of liquid organic fertilizer “Effekton-2”: pour up to 15 liters of solution onto 1 bush.
The third feeding is the last: dilute 2 tbsp per 10 liters of water. spoons of superphosphate and 1 tbsp. a spoonful of potassium sulfate, consumption 10 liters per 1 bush.
To increase the yield and quality of fruits when growing rose hips, foliar feeding is carried out after flowering 3 times with an interval of 10 days: dilute 2 tbsp with 10 water. spoons of "potassium humate" universal.
Rose hips are harmed by green roseate aphids, leaf rollers and spider mites. Rose hips are sprayed against these pests before flowering and after the fruits are fully harvested using natural means: take 500 g of garlic, pass it through a meat grinder, then dilute this pulp in 8 liters of warm water, add 1 tbsp. a spoonful of tar or laundry soap and leave for 5-6 hours, then filter and spray. This procedure is carried out before flowering, and after flowering they are sprayed with garlic, and also take 500 g or a more effective preparation “Iskra DE” (1 tablet per 10 liters of water).
Some types of rose hips are affected by rust. In this case, you need to spray with Topaz: 1 ampoule (2 ml per 10 liters of water). For black spotting, spray with 1% Bordeaux mixture or copper oxychloride (Hom) (20 g per 10 liters of water) when signs of the disease appear.
You can see how to grow rose hips in the video below:
Varieties
When choosing rose hips for planting in your summer cottage, it is best to give preference to varieties with a high content of vitamins.
- Rugosa rose (R. rugosa). One of the most popular species among gardeners. Its height reaches one and a half meters. It has a huge number of shoots, which facilitates the reproduction process. The species is frost-resistant and is not afraid of soils rich in salts. It can grow in poor soils and windy places. The homeland of the wrinkled rose is the Far East.
- May rosehip , also known as Sh. cinnamon (R. cinnamomea L., R.maialis Herrm). In the wild it grows independently in the European part of Russia, right up to Siberia. The height of this plant varies around 2 m. It is distinguished by sparse thorns, and on shoots with flowers there are none at all. The species blooms in May.
- Rosehip needle (R. acicularis Lindley). A winter-hardy variety that can withstand severe frosts (up to -40 degrees). The height of the bush varies from 1 to 3 m. The fruits of the needle rose are distinguished by a high content of vitamin C, and their size reaches 1.5 cm.
Webb's rose (R. webbiana Wall. ex Royle). A perennial plant whose height reaches 1 m. It has sparse, slightly curved thorns. The flowers are red or pink, sometimes white. It grows mainly on the slopes of mountain ranges (in the Himalayas, Pamirs, Tibet and Mongolia). - Dog rose (R. canina) is a plant species with low ascorbic acid content. Its distinctive feature is the absence of a hole on the top of the head and rapidly falling leaves.
Advice. Rose hips can be easily tested for vitamin content. It is believed that the vitamin species of the plant can whistle. If you blow into the hole at the top of the fruit, you will hear a small whistle.
Among the selection varieties there are:
- “Vitaminny VNIVI” is an early-medium variety. Requires pollination. Therefore, you will need to plant another bush, but of a different variety. It has massive fruits and a considerable amount of vitamins. The yield of the variety is about 2.5 kg per plant. There are no thorns in the fruiting areas, which facilitates the process of collecting fruits.
- “Vorontsovsky 1” is a hybrid of two roses: wrinkled and Webb. In addition to vitamins C and bioflavonoids, it is high in folic acid. The yield of this variety is slightly higher than that of the previous one and is about 3 kg.
- “Large-fruited VNIVI” is a winter-hardy, high-yielding and disease- and pest-resistant variety. Characterized by long-lasting flowering. Rose hips are usually used to make jam, jam and other preparations.
- “Russian 1” is a vitamin variety. Grown mainly in the Ural region. Productivity is from 1.5 to 2 kg. Rust resistant.
- “Globus” is a winter-hardy variety, tall, and contains many vitamins.
- “Finger” is a winter-hardy and pest-resistant variety. Grown in the West Siberian region.
- "Victory" . Not much different from the previous variety. In addition to the above characteristics, it has a pleasant aroma.
- "Titan" is a tall shrub with fruits growing in 3-5 pieces. Productivity is very high, resistant to diseases and pests.
- “Apple” is a low shrub that has large fruits with a sweet and sour taste.
- “Sergievsky” is a variety with an average ripening period. The fruits are sweet and sour with a high content of vitamin C.
- "Ural Champion" . A very winter-hardy variety that is suitable for cultivation in all regions of the country.
Contraindications
Are there situations or reasons why the use of rose hips is contraindicated? Although the fruits themselves are beneficial for the daily diet, and the vitamin C they contain is essential for the proper functioning of the body, there are reasons to refrain from using rose hips.
A balanced and nutritious diet that covers the body's daily requirement for ascorbic acid does not require additional support. Then the use of additional supplements can be harmful to health, leading to hypervitaminosis, the results of which include diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, and skin rashes.
People with high acidity of the gastrointestinal tract should use rosehip decoctions, infusions and other drugs with caution.
Consult a physician before use during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Fertilizer
Fertilizing requires special consideration. Root feeding is done about four times during the year: before and after flowering, at the beginning of fruit ripening and after harvesting.
For the first feeding, organic fertilizer is required, which is diluted at the rate of 3 tbsp. l per bucket of water. The second feeding consists of half a glass of Agricola per bucket of water. Sometimes organic fertilizer is added.
The third feeding consists of using only Agricola.
For the last feeding, take a bucket of water and 2 tbsp. l "Agricolaaqua" products. This solution is used to treat rosehip bushes after flowering has ended three times every 10 days.
Rosehip bark and roots
In folk medicine, rosehip bark is an emetic.
Interestingly, in the Middle Ages, the bark of rose hips (in particular, dog rose) was used for bites of dogs that had rabies. However, the effectiveness of this remedy is unknown.
Rosehip roots have astringent, antiseptic, bactericidal, and choleretic effects. A decoction of rosehip roots has also found use in folk medicine. In particular, foot baths using such a decoction are used for weakening muscles. Taking a bath with the addition of a decoction of rosehip roots helps with rheumatism and radiculitis.
Internally, a decoction of the roots of rose hips is used as an anthelmintic for diarrhea and dysentery (decoction of the roots of rose hips needles), cystitis, urolithiasis, diseases of the liver, kidneys, spleen, malaria, anorexia, as well as hypertension.
Characteristic
Rosehip is a perennial deciduous shrub.
It reaches a height of up to 2 meters. The branches are thin, twig-like with a brown-red color. With age they acquire a dark brown tint. The shoots are covered with sparse large sickle-shaped thorns. The needles are sharp, noticeably widened at the base. Flowering shoots are mostly thornless. Young branches are strewn with needle-like small thorns. The leaves of the May rose are complex, thin, ovoid, collected in 5-7 parts. The total length is up to 7 cm.
The flowers are large, with a diameter of 3 to 7 cm. There are single buds and 2-3 inflorescences in one. Each contains 5 petals. The color varies from soft pink to bright shades.
Flowering begins in May and continues until the end of June. Buds on young branches form in the second year.
Fruit ripening occurs in August-September. Fruits are more often round in shape, less often oval. The surface of the berries is smooth and orange or red in color. The inside of the fruit is fleshy with small nuts.
Rose hips are not picky about soil, are quite resistant to drought and are frost-resistant.
Distribution and habitats
It is found throughout almost the entire European part of Russia (except for the northern, Black Sea and Caspian regions), in Western and Eastern Siberia. It grows in sparse forests, on the edges, clearings and clearings, among thickets of bushes and along ravines. Most often lives in meadows and valley forests. It is usually part of floodplain bush thickets, where it forms commercial areas.
Chemical composition
Substances: Vitamin B2, Vitamin C, Vitamin P, Vitamin E, Tannins, Fatty oil, Isoquercetin, Carotene, Quercetin, Quercitrin, Kaempferol, Citric acid, Naphthaquinone, Sucrose Show all
Rose hips are a natural concentrate of many vitamins. The pulp of the fruit contains vitamins C, B2, K, P, carotenoids, and the seeds contain vitamin E and fatty oil. The vitamin C content is 2.5 - 5.2% per absolutely dry weight of the fruit. On average, the fruit pulp contains 9.74 mg% carotene, 14.1% pectin, 1.58% citric acid, 23.93% total sugars, 18.56% invert sugars, 5.1% sucrose, 8.9% pentosans. Seed oil contains 170 - 200 mg% tocopherols (vitamin E), 10 mg% carotene. About 4% of group P vitamins (on a fresh weight basis), flavonoids (quercetin, quercitrin, kaempferol, isoquercetin, etc.) were found in fresh fruits. The roots contain tannins, flavonoids, and triterpenoids.
Beneficial features
Rosehip May has the following beneficial properties:
- immunostimulating;
- laxative;
- anti-inflammatory;
- bronchodilator;
- diuretic;
- restorative;
- antiseptic;
- choleretic;
- antisclerotic;
- antidiabetic;
- astringent;
- regenerating;
- mild hemostatic;
- antiscorbutic.
All this allows us to consider cinnamon rose hips as an effective remedy used in the complex treatment of many diseases. The fruits, petals and roots of the shrub have medicinal uses. They are used in the form of infusions, syrups, extracts, sweets, pills, dragees, jelly and jam.
More information about the composition and beneficial properties of the plant’s berries can be found here.
Popular types of rose hips
If you are planning to grow rose hips on your plot or local area, you should decide on your goals: design of the plot, obtaining a large number of fruits, hedges, etc. To do this, you need to know the characteristics and description of the species, the requirements for growing conditions.
Wrinkly
This species is grown throughout Russia, in the regions of the Far East and Asia, on the North American continent, and in Europe. Feels great on loamy, sandy, clay soil.
Reference! The large shiny dark green leaf plate has many veins, which gave rise to the name of the species.
Compact bushes grow from 80 to 150 cm, erect shoots in adulthood are bare and brown, while when young they are green and pubescent. On shoots with peduncles there are large curved spines with pubescence and small spines.
The serrated leaves (up to 3 cm in length) are round or elliptical, pubescent below, and shiny and wrinkled above.
Fragrant, with a delicate delicate scent, flowers with five or more petals are single or form inflorescences of 3-8 flowers, they are white or different shades of pink. They begin to bloom in early or mid-summer, sometimes blooming throughout the season.
Wrinkled rosehip bushes decorate any area no worse than roses; they are often used to strengthen the soil and as raw materials (leaves, roots, flowers, fruits) in traditional medicine recipes. A hedge made from them looks very beautiful and impressive.
The spherical fruits (3 cm) with fleshy pulp on top are flattened and become orange or red-orange when ripe.
The berries are dried and used to make compotes, preserves, jelly, tea, marmalade, jam, and in traditional medicine recipes.
Advantages of the type:
- without shelter, withstands frosts down to – 40°C;
- can grow in poor soils;
- high immunity to infections and damage by insect pests;
- shoots grow back quickly after pruning;
- reproduces well by seed, root shoots and cuttings;
- the crown is stable - no support is required;
- can grow in one place for 25 years;
- high yield, large, fleshy fruits.
Based on the species, many varieties and hybrid forms with double, semi-double flowers of various colors have been created, and low-growing varieties have been bred.
Varieties of wrinkled rose hips:
- Rrf albo-plena – the color of double flowers is white;
- Rrf plena, Rrf rubroplena – double flowers of various shades of crimson;
- Hansa - unusual flowers with a red-violet color;
- Frau Dagmar Hartopp – low, neat bushes, flowers at the beginning of flowering in dark shades of pink gradually lighten;
- White Grootendorst, Pink Grootendorst, FJ Grootendorst are varieties of carnation roses with small double flowers of white, pink and crimson colors, respectively.
Hybrids are more decorative, but inferior to simple varieties in terms of frost resistance, so simple forms of wrinkled rose hips are more suitable for temperate climates.
Gray (Blue rose, Red-leaved rose)
The species is notable for its tall slender bushes (2 m and above) with burgundy-gray colored foliage, purple shoots and a large number of red fruits.
With a large number of thorns, the shoots are burgundy when young, but when mature they become gray-beige and lose their thorniness. The leaves, like the shoots, change color with age from beetroot to bluish.
The bush looks especially decorative in the fall - the foliage turns orange-yellow or red. Flowers (30-35 mm) of light pink color, shaped like stars, appear in the last ten days of June and bloom for a short time - only two weeks. The red fruits are very bright, beautiful, but inedible.
Rosehip can be planted in areas with cold climates - it tolerates frosty winters well. When planting, it should be taken into account that this species loves bright sunny areas with slight partial shade; in areas with stagnant moisture it grows poorly and may die.
Used in the design of garden plots, as a rootstock for many varieties of roses.
Blue rose hips, varieties:
- f. flore-pleno – double flowers, light shades of pink;
- Carmenetta (hybrid rosehip rugosa) – bright green foliage, pink flowers.
Femoral foliage (spiny, prickly, thin-legged)
The original variety of rose hips has gained popularity due to the bright color of its small leaves, the pleasant smell of creamy white flowers (25-50 mm) and excellent frost resistance. In summer, the bare serrated leaves, consisting of 5-11 leaflets, are dark green above, light green below, and in the fall they turn purple and look beautiful and unusual.
Bushes with straight thorn-covered shoots grow no higher than 2 meters and form a rounded crown. Flowers bloom already in May.
The berries (0.6-1.4 cm) are round or slightly flattened, after ripening they become almost black, edible, and contain a large amount of vitamin C.
Rose hips can be grown almost anywhere - it tolerates frost well, has high immunity to infections and damage from garden pests, and grows on any soil.
Varieties based on femoral rose hips:
- Stanwell Perpetual - cascading shoots, double flowers, pink and white, bloom profusely until frost;
- Golden Wings – the color of the flowers is yellowish-gray;
- Maigold – drooping shoots, yellow flowers with a copper coating;
- Morgenrot - cup-shaped flowers with a white center.
Chemical composition
Wild rose is a healing plant in the full sense of the word. All parts of the bush are used for treatment, including the root system. But the main beneficial properties are associated with fruits that contain:
- simple sugars;
- acids of organic origin;
- pectins;
- compounds from the group of flavonoids;
- essential oils;
- tannins;
- rich set of microelements.
Microelements perfectly compensate for the lack of certain nutrients. For example, if calcium is removed from the body or there is a lack of it, then the beneficial properties of rose hips will restore balance, strengthening bones and increasing blood clotting.
Biochemists have found out which vitamins in rose hips have healing properties for the body. The vitamin set includes:
- K, involved in blood clotting and bone strength;
- E, which is an antioxidant, relieves intoxication;
- C, which can strengthen the immune system and prevent colds;
- P, without which the circulatory system suffers;
- Carotene (provitamin A), aimed at strengthening the immune system, heart, blood vessels, can cleanse the body of poisons and toxins.
The vitamin C content in rose hips is tens of times higher than in black currants and 50 times higher than in lemon. There is a pattern: the concentration of vitamin C is higher in useful plants in the northeast of the country.
- Fresh berries have a nutritional value of 51 kcal;
- The calorie content of dried fruits is higher and approaches 110 kcal;
- Rosehip tea - calorie content is negligible and equal to 12.8 kcal.
Description of collecting and drying rose hips (with photo)
Rose hips are collected only in dry weather so that the berries are not saturated with moisture. It is recommended to pick them together with the stalk and calyx, which can be easily disposed of after drying. It is advisable to opt for finally ripe or slightly overripe fruits. They are distinguished by their bright orange, red-orange or red color. The ripening of various varieties of this plant occurs in late summer - early autumn. When describing the collection of rose hips, it is worth noting that by choosing the right time for harvesting, you can expect one hundred percent success in drying it. It is in ripe berries that the largest amount of healing substances accumulates, and when dry they acquire a special aroma and sweet taste.
After the rosehip crop is harvested, it is prepared for drying. To do this, the berries are sorted and get rid of spoiled, rotten or insect-infested berries. The receptacle and stalk must be left, because without them, due to breakage during drying, a considerable portion of the juice will be lost.
Rose hips are carefully sorted and washed with running water in a colander. It is advisable to do this even in cases where the harvest was harvested outside the urban area: many harmful inorganic substances found in rainwater, as well as dust, settle on the berries everywhere. To make drying the fruits take less time, they are first filled with hot water for twenty minutes. Many rosehip lovers even add a little sugar. As a result of this soaking, upon completion of drying, the berries become much sweeter. The washed and peeled rose hips are dried from moisture in a well-ventilated area for about an hour. To speed up the drying process, wipe wet berries with paper napkins. Sometimes the berries are cut in half so that they dry out faster in the oven. And if you have time and desire, even before the rose hips are dried, you can clear it of all seeds. In such cases, after drying, the berries can be used not only for making medicinal tea, but also as a filling for pies.
A very important point: during drying, the berries should not be exposed to direct sunlight, since in this case most of the vitamins are destroyed.
You can dry the berries in the oven. The prepared fruits are laid out in one layer on a baking sheet or a special wire rack. It's good if they don't touch each other. The baking sheet with the fruits is placed in the oven, which must initially be cold. Otherwise, the rose hips may lose a large amount of juice and become covered with a too hard shell, which will not allow moisture to escape during the drying process. As a result, the fruit will be raw inside and may rot during storage. It is also important to know that the temperature in the oven should increase gradually - starting from room temperature and reaching sixty degrees. The preservation of the beneficial properties in the berries depends on this, and they are destroyed by a sharp change in temperature. The total time for drying fruits in the oven lasts about eight hours, depending on the size of the fruit and the thickness of the shell: small ones will reach condition faster. Since rose hips take a long time to dry, they must be constantly stirred to ensure even drying. The oven must have air circulation to allow moisture to escape. To do this, you need to open the oven door slightly. It is best when the oven is already equipped with a convection function. But if it is missing, you can place a fan near the oven door.
How to tell if a rose is turning into a rosehip
How to graft a rose from a cutting to a rosehip
How to determine that a rose turns into a rose hip? This question often worries gardeners. A rose can turn into a rose hip due to various diseases and violations of the rules of care. Pest attacks are also often the cause of problems.
At the same time, the rose bush does not immediately lose its appearance. If measures are not taken in a timely manner, there is a risk of losing the ornamental plant. The first signs of transformation into a rose hip include the following:
- the appearance of thin shoots of a light green hue;
- development of shoots away from the bush;
- the formation of many small thorns on the shoots.
Rosehip branches are covered with many thorns
Harmful properties
- Like any product, rosehip leaves may have contraindications for use and cause harm:
- Rosehip herbal teas can interact with some medications - with Warfarin, which is used to slow down blood clotting, and drugs for type 2 diabetes;
- consuming large amounts of vitamin C may increase the risk of developing kidney stones and cause rashes on the body;
- If you have an individual intolerance to herbs, you should take rosehip-based products with caution. The same applies to pregnant women and nursing mothers.
Important! Always consult your doctor if you have a serious medical condition before using rosehip raw materials.
Nutrient content
Everyone knows how healing the fruits are. But few people realize that rosehip leaves can be useful. Thus, they contain vitamin C (up to 1.5%), tannins (up to 4.5%), flavonoids (astragalin), catechins, phenolcarboxylic acids and derivatives from them: caffeic acid, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, gentisic acid, lilac, ferulic, vanillic, salicylic and others.
Some species also contain saponins. Polysaccharides and carotenoids were found in the leaves of the most common rosehip in our environment. The leaves of the rusty-red rosehip contain up to 55% essential oil.
May rose care
In principle, rosehip is an unpretentious plant. But, like any living organism, it responds gratefully to care. First of all, it should appear in pruning. Thinning begins at the 3-4 year of life of the May rose. Ideally, a bush is formed containing from 15 to 20 branches of different ages, but not older than seven years, when fruiting practically disappears. Pruning is carried out in the spring; autumn pruning can kill the bush, since the cuttings do not survive the winter well.
Rosehip (photo can be seen above) does not require regular watering - it has high drought resistance. In the absence of rain for a long time, the plant is watered at the rate of 3-5 buckets, depending on maturity and fruiting.
Young plantings must be fed. In the second year of life, nitrogen-containing fertilizers are applied three times: early in the spring, when the ground has just completely thawed, in the first half of summer (during the period of intensive formation of shoots) and before falling asleep - in September. An adult May rose is fed once every three years with compost or humus, followed by loosening, watering and mulching.
Planting a May rose
Despite the fact that it is considered by many to be a wild plant, it is often and willingly cultivated in household plots, and for decorative purposes, since the rose hips bloom (the photo can be seen in the article) lushly and beautifully, and for harvesting medicinal fruits. Moreover, if you choose the right living conditions for it and provide minimal care, it will produce a very bountiful harvest.
The planting site must be chosen well and lit for a long time. Preferably at an elevation, where the absence of stagnation of both ground and sedimentary waters is guaranteed. Over the course of several years, the root system of the May rose fills the entire space around it, so the bush needs to be fenced with slate dug into the ground a third of a meter deep. Rose hips are planted either along the perimeter of the site, becoming a natural hedge, or in the most inconvenient places for the gardener, such as compost heaps and outbuildings. The main thing is that the rosehip bush does not end up alone: the plant is cross-pollinated, and without neighboring relatives it will not produce a harvest.
Harvesting
The May rose is very reluctant to part with its fruits. Therefore, they should be collected exclusively with gloves, not fabric, but leather or canvas. The berries begin to be harvested approximately in the middle - end of August, when they acquire a rich color. Collecting everything at once is not the most competent approach: some will be already overripe, while others will still be unripe. You need to harvest the fruits as they ripen, and without delaying or delaying them: if you do not have time to harvest before the first frost, you will greatly lose the quality of rose hips.
The harvest must be immediately sent for drying. For it you can use an oven heated to 90 degrees. Dry fruits are poured into cloth bags; If they are prepared correctly, they can be stored for up to two years.
Rosehip propagation
May rose can reproduce in all ways available to plants. However, seed is not highly recommended: valuable properties are not always fully transmitted, and fiddling with seeds may be ineffective. The most reliable is seedling propagation, carried out in the fall. In central Russia, planting takes place from early October to mid-November. A hole about twenty centimeters deep is dug under the seedling. If the soil in the designated area is acidic, liming is carried out. Compost mixed with rotted manure is added. The seedlings themselves are shortened to 8-10 centimeters before rooting. You can also make root cuts - this will significantly improve the survival rate. Next, the roots are dipped into a clay mash, and the seedling is buried in a hole with a deepening of the neck 6-8 cm below ground level.
To preserve the characteristics of the mother bush, propagation by rhizomatous offspring is chosen. They are harvested either late in the fall or in the very early spring. There are two methods offered:
- The selected offspring, at least a quarter of a meter in height, is cut off from the main bush with a shovel and planted. Such actions are available both in autumn and spring, but not all offspring survive them.
- The selected baby is not separated, but spuds up and is constantly watered. This stimulates the active growth of adventitious roots. The next year, in the fall, the offspring is separated, but is not transferred to a new location, but is left next to the mother bush. It is planted only in the spring.
This method gives 100% survival rate and complete repetition of all the qualities of the original rose hip bush.
Bush pruning and decorative properties
For abundant fruiting, it is recommended to remove old branches annually. This will allow the bush to develop harmoniously and actively produce crops.
Pruning is carried out to make the bush decorative. Rose hips are thinned out in late autumn or early spring before the buds swell.
If you provide regular adequate care to the May rose and give it the correct shape in a timely manner, it will create harmony in the area. The bush can be given different shapes: round, rectangular, etc. This pruning is especially important when forming a hedge.
A living fence made of flowering shrubs looks simply amazing. You can make plantings around the perimeter of the site or separate the roadway. Also, a living pink fence is suitable for visually dividing a site into different zones.
Harvesting
The fruits are harvested towards the end of August. This is done gradually as the berries ripen.
The process is quite labor-intensive; the bush is reluctant to part with its fruits. Don’t forget about spikes; be sure to equip yourself with thick gloves.
Procurement of raw materials
It is important to have time to harvest before the onset of frost, otherwise the rose hips (May rose) will lose the main percentage of vitamins. The raw materials are thoroughly washed and dried at a temperature of 80-90 degrees. The drying layer should be thin. The fruits are turned over as needed. The end of drying is determined by the fragility of the fruit.
Finished raw materials are stored in canvas bags in a dry place. The shelf life is 2 years.
