Jasmine (Jasminum) is a beautiful flowering shrub or vine from the Olive family .
Can be evergreen or deciduous. Countries with tropical and subtropical climates - India, China, African and American countries - are considered the birthplace of jasmine. The shrub is perennial, in nature it can live up to 20 years, at home - a little less. Jasmine grows quickly: a rooted cutting planted in the ground can reach the height of an adult plant - 2 meters in almost a year. Jasmine often grows by wrapping its strong stem around a support. The time and duration of flowering, the color and shape of flowers depend on the type of plant. What they have in common is an elegant appearance and a unique sweetish aroma.
| Growing quickly. |
| Jasmine blooms from January to March. |
| The plant requires special conditions. |
| Perennial. |
Description
It is a climbing or erect, evergreen shrub of the olive family. The leaves are uniformly green in color, trifoliate or odd-pinnate in shape.
Flowers with a large corolla of regular outline, white, pale yellow or pink, with a pronounced sweet aroma. Flowering ends with the formation of an inedible berry.
The habitat today is represented by almost all the warm edges of the planet - from Africa and Australia to central America and southern Europe.
Some types of jasmine also grow in Russia, the northern Caucasus, Crimea, Kuban, Altai, and Southern Urals. Artificial cultivation is widely practiced in China.
Varieties
More than 250 varieties of this plant are known, which appeared through natural processes or created by breeders. The most famous and widespread.
Turned away. It is distinguished by bright yellow inflorescences and a strong aroma throughout the entire flowering period. Honey plant actively attracts bees and other insects. The leaves are paired, bright green.
Sambac. A liana-like variety that can grow up to 6-8 meters in length. Large leaves, and neat white inflorescences are collected in fragrant bouquets. The woody stems give a special aesthetics; landscape designers and those who like to decorate their garden plot with hedges liked all this.
Flattened. A shrub that, if properly pruned, pleases with a large number of flowers in soft pink shades and an equally refined scent that exudes all summer.
Bisa. One of the most popular decorative varieties. The vines reach a length of 2-3 meters and are strewn with umbrellas of large bright pink inflorescences with a bluish tint. If desired, you can also give it a bushy form. Combined with large, dark green leaves to create a wonderful tool for forming a living wall.
Drug. The most popular among window sill pharmacy lovers. Despite its main purpose, it has good decorative qualities. Smooth branches covered with oblong leaves and white racemose inflorescences look quite nice, and they will delight you with flowering for a long time - from April to autumn.
The thinnest. It is distinguished by “falling” shoots and large white inflorescences. The aroma, although not as pronounced as that of the above-described species, has pleasant specific notes. The leaves are dirty green, slightly pubescent at the base.
Multi-flowered. A very large, lush shrub up to two meters high, during the flowering period it is covered with an abundant “carpet” of pink and white flowers. It has the most powerful aroma of all known varieties. In addition, it is easy to recognize by its unusually shaped leaves, reminiscent of a wavy dagger.
Large-flowered. As can be understood from the name, it is distinguished by large white flowers, collected in umbrellas of 7-10 pieces. The shoots themselves can be up to ten meters long, which provides wide decorative possibilities, but imposes some pruning responsibilities.
Jasmine propagation
Jasmine is propagated vegetatively - by cuttings and layering.
Propagation of jasmine by cuttings
Propagation by cuttings is a popular way to obtain a new jasmine bush.
- In spring, cuttings are cut from mature stems, in summer - from young shoots. They do this when the bush does not bloom.
- Cuttings up to 15 cm long, with at least 3 internodes, are cut with a sharp knife along the oblique.
- They are kept in a solution of a root growth stimulator for several hours, dried and dusted with charcoal.
- Place in a damp peat-sand mixture, deepening it to 2.5 cm.
- Cover with polyethylene, making holes in it for ventilation.
- Leave at + 20°C, periodically ventilating and watering. After about 30 days, roots appear.
- The seedlings are placed in separate small pots. You can root in water by adding a little crushed coal to it.
Reproduction of jasmine by layering
Reproduction by layering is easy and painless for the plant. If there is enough space in the pot where jasmine grows, dig in a shoot of the plant, scraping off the bark and treating this place with a root growth stimulator. If there is not enough space in the pot, another container filled with soil is placed next to it, and the cuttings are buried in it. When rooting occurs, the cuttings are cut from the mother plant and replanted.
Both propagation options are simple. When they are used, all varietal characteristics of the mother plant are preserved.
Growing
When planting jasmine in our difficult latitudes, you need to take into account the following nuances:
- the plant is not particularly demanding on the mineral composition of the soil, but if you need an intoxicating aroma and abundant flowering, it must be fertile;
- plant either in early spring or late autumn - this is the best time for rooting;
- You should pay close attention to the behavior of groundwater and water circulation in the area as a whole, and plant only in places that are not subject to stagnant water, or neutralize them using crushed stone cushions.
The hole for planting jasmine should be about half a meter deep, and you need to add a little nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer to it. After planting and compacting, it is necessary to water abundantly.
How to care
In order to fully enjoy the beauty of mock orange, you need to follow the basic rules of planting and caring for the plant.
Soil selection
The best soil in this case is a mixture containing 3 parts leaf soil, 1 part sand and 2 parts humus. Particular attention should be paid to ensuring that the soil is breathable, loose and fertile. It is necessary to maintain a neutral acidity level.
Location and lighting
For abundant flowering, mock orange requires sun, so it is better to choose a sunny place for planting. Even prolonged exposure to direct sunlight will not harm it. The plant will not like swampy and shady areas.
Temperature, humidity and watering
Watering directly depends on the quality of the soil. The plant especially needs moisture in the spring, before the flowering period, but most often at this time the soil receives moisture naturally. In case of a dry spring, moderate watering will be necessary. Mock orange should not be allowed to grow in constantly wet soil. It does not grow well in places where groundwater flows or in places where there is a constant supply of moisture. An adult plant tolerates Russian frosts and temperatures of +30...+40 degrees in the summer.
Fertilizers and fertilizers
To a greater extent, mock orange needs feeding during the period of its active growth, that is, in early spring, when it best absorbs nutrients. In the first year and only once, preferably towards the end of spring, 1 bucket of infusion consisting of water and slurry in a ratio of 10:1 must be added under the jasmine bush. In subsequent years, garden jasmine is fed exclusively with mineral fertilizers containing urea, potassium sulfate and superphosphate. Ash from an old fire is a good fertilizer for jasmine.
Transfer
Due to the fact that the root system of garden jasmine is quite compact, the replanting process is safe for the plant. The most optimal period for transplantation is considered to be early autumn or spring. You need to start by preparing a hole for the bush, the size of which depends solely on the volume of the root. The most suitable hole dimensions are 60x60x60. In order to preserve the earthen lump on the roots, the plant is subjected to abundant watering on the eve of transplantation. The side shoots must be removed, the central 3 stems must be cut to a height of thirty to forty centimeters.
In case of spring transplantation, the plant needs feeding. When the plant takes root, fresh ones appear on the “stumps” remaining after removing the side shoots. After wintering, the strongest of the fresh shoots are left, and the rest are removed. With this technology, mock orange will bloom in the 3-4th year. A large shrub can be divided in case of transplantation.
Trimming
To create a lush and fragrant jasmine bush, in addition to regular care and systematic watering, the plant should be pruned. Moreover, this should be done correctly and systematically.
Rules for pruning mock orange:
- Pruning is best done while the plant is in a vegetative state, that is, in the spring.
- Those branches that are significantly longer than the rest need to be cut off at the root. Branches of medium length - half.
- Using special scissors, it is necessary to remove all branches on which flowering does not occur. In this way, the so-called “anti-aging pruning” is carried out.
- The central trunk of an adult bush needs to be shortened by 40-60 centimeters.
Winter care
An adult garden jasmine does not need special care in winter; it does not need to be covered. Young specimens should be covered for the winter with a layer of peat or pine needles. It is useful to cover the place where the root system is located with leaf humus. After heavy snowfalls and at the end of winter, it is necessary to free the crown of the bush from the snow cap.
Features at home
If you plan to use jasmine as an indoor flower, then it should be placed in spacious rooms. A powerful aroma is wonderful in an open garden, but in a confined space its abundance can have a detrimental effect on well-being.
The plant itself can suffer from the wrong location and tap water. Sun rays refracted through double-glazed windows can burn delicate foliage, causing it to yellow and die.
- Butterflies: beautiful creatures from the world of insects
- How to grow excellent petunia seedlings
- How to properly water an orchid in a pot: the benefits of automatic watering for the plant
The same goes for hard tap water. To avoid these troubles, you need to use a softening filter and choose a place without excessive sunlight.
If these conditions are met, but your bush still does not want to bloom, most likely there were errors during planting in the form of too deep grounding. The solution is to replant so that the rhizome sticks out of the ground a little. The cause may also be insufficient soil acidity, which can be solved with appropriate fertilizers.
Fertilizers and fertilizers
During the active growth stage, the crop should be fertilized frequently: at least once a week. Fertilizers for flowering plants are used for feeding.
Jasmines do not accept long-acting fertilizers, so it is better to opt for classic liquid fertilizers.
After flowering ends, fertilizer is stopped, continuing only when signs of growth appear.
Application
Who hasn’t drunk green tea with jasmine flowers, the properties of which give the drink a unique range of smells? This combination is so loved by consumers that today it can be found in any store. It is also used as a flavoring agent for confectionery products, alcoholic beverages and other food products.
It is curious that photos of jasmine flowers on tea boxes are sometimes images of mock orange. These plants are often confused due to their similar aroma and appearance.
In addition to its decorative and gastronomic value, some of the properties of this universal plant have found application in folk medicine and medical cosmetology.
Healing properties
The benefits of jasmine flowers are due to the high content of many essential acids and essential oils. Leaves and flowers, due to the presence of salicyl-containing elements in them, have mild antiseptic properties sufficient to disinfect cuts.
Essential oils and flower decoctions are widely used as a tonic that has a beneficial effect on all organ systems, especially the nervous one.
There is also a positive effect on the female body during lactation and menstruation. Medicines for insomnia and migraines are prepared from the roots.
People with hypertension and stomach ulcers, as well as allergy sufferers, should be careful when using jasmine.
