Primroses - cultivation and care, use in garden design

Varieties and types

Or Stemless,
although this plant has this name, it is very beautiful. The lanceolate foliage is quite long and stays on the stem for a very long time. The flowers are white or pale yellow, located on peduncles.

Flowers that appear in summer are colored in shades of scarlet and purple.

An important feature is that at the end of flowering, the foliage of this species dies

Mountain perennial species. It has slightly wrinkled foliage with fine teeth along the edges. The flowers are small, yellow, and form umbrella-shaped inflorescences. The peduncle can be either low or very high. Flowering occurs in mid-spring and lasts almost two months.

Or forest

has oval, oblong, slightly wrinkled foliage up to 20 cm. The flowers are yellow with an orange spot, but there are many varieties whose colors have a variety of shades, and the flowers are not only simple, but also double.

Or auricula

a plant with dense, leathery, lanceolate foliage edged with small teeth. The color of the flowers depends on the variety, since many hybrids have been created.

This species has tall bushes with long, strap-like leaves, as well as regular yellow flowers with large stamens.

Fine-toothed primrose

or simply
jagged,
it is characterized by spherical inflorescences, which consist of a large number of white, crimson or lilac tones, the size of which varies, depending on the variety, from half a centimeter to two and a half.

It does not have particularly large and attractive foliage, but that is not its highlight. The flowers of this plant are painted in pastel yellow-pink tones, which over time flow from one to another.

The main difference of this species is the lilac-colored inflorescence, which is located on a high peduncle. It has a spherical shape and does not look like the inflorescences of other representatives.

Above the leaf rosette, consisting of light green jagged leaves and lying on the ground, flower stalks rise high, decorated with umbrella flowers of soft lilac or violet tones.

Bloom

When and how does it bloom

It is generally accepted that primroses bloom only in early spring. Primrose is a plant whose flowering time depends on the variety. Some species bloom from April to June, while others bloom at the beginning of summer.

Despite the relatively small size of the plant, large and bright flowers grow on it. Often, the inflorescences are umbrella-shaped and grow on a flowering stem 25 to 50 cm high. Depending on the variety, 1 flower or a group of several buds grows on the stem.

The color range is wide, including shades of purple, red, flowers can be white, yellow or pink. The petals can be plain or variegated in 2 or 3 colors at once.

Perennial varieties that bloom every year are very popular. Lovers of house plants know how long perennial primrose blooms, and appreciate it for this. With proper maintenance, the flowering period can last throughout winter and spring.

Flowering period

One of the best indoor flowers that quickly takes root at home is the primrose. How long does this plant bloom? On average, the flowering period lasts 1-3 months; during the year, different types of primrose bloom several times.

If the indoor primrose has faded, what to do next:

• Remove dry and yellow leaves and inflorescences;
• Reduce watering to 1-2 times a week with small portions of water. There is no need to spray with water from a spray bottle;
• Leave the plant in a cool, well-lit room.

Why doesn't it bloom

Primroses look great when they bloom, which is why they are bought. Sometimes primrose owners are faced with the problem of a lack of flowers on the plant, the reasons for this may be different:

• Increased indoor air temperature. Primroses do not tolerate temperatures above 19-20°C; they will grow, but without flowers;
• Low humidity in the room, in this case the flower begins to dry out, it does not have enough strength to bloom. Also, do not expose primrose to direct sunlight;
• Strong drafts. Indoor plants are less resistant to temperature changes;
• Lack of sunlight. This usually happens if the pot is near a north window;
• During the heating season, a flower pot stands on the windowsill above the radiator;
• Lack of space in the pot. Over time, the flower grows, it needs to be replanted - it may not have enough previous volumes of land. The new pot should be 2-3 times larger than the top of the plant;
• No fertilizers. If the soil has not had time to be fertilized, the primrose may not have enough nutrients to form inflorescences;
• Too frequent watering, using untreated tap water;
• Incorrect soil composition and soil salinization;
• Lack of drainage layer at the bottom of the pot, water stagnation;
• The plant is affected by diseases or pests. You can recognize the problem by the color of the leaves; they change color or become stained;
• Too early to bloom. Perhaps there is a primrose growing at home, the flowering season of which begins later.

The presence of at least 1 problem can slow down the flowering period. If all the causes are eliminated, the plant will bloom again next season.

Note! Flower shops often sell annual plants; this needs to be clarified when purchasing. If the primrose is annual, there will be no re-blooming

Tips for planting in the ground

Planting primrose seedlings grown from seeds at home in open ground is a responsible undertaking. The culture is cold-resistant. But it is grown under artificial conditions and has no natural hardening. Therefore, if the ambient temperature is expected to drop to 0° and below, then it is necessary to provide shelter for the primroses. Before planting primrose seedlings, you need to prepare the place. Dig up the flowerbed and add compost, mineral fertilizers, wood ash and dolomite flour to the soil. Place the bushes at a distance of at least 15 cm from each other. This will allow them to develop fully throughout the season. Tips for growing primrose from seeds usually include recommendations for shading seedlings in the first 5 to 7 days after planting. In fact, this greatly hinders the development of culture. It is much better to harden before planting.

Soil nuances

An equally important condition for growing a high-quality plant specimen is the correct choice of soil. In order not to doubt the correctness of its composition, you can buy a ready-made substrate in a specialized store. However, if you wish, it will not be difficult to prepare the soil mixture for future seedlings yourself.

The optimal soil for a plant has a fertile, loose, but slightly coarse structure. Before planting prepared seeds, the soil must be cleared of holes to prevent the seeds from falling through.

You can flavor the soil with perlite or vermiculite. Perlite will prevent soil caking and provide drainage. As for vermiculite, it perfectly normalizes acidity, and therefore will contribute to the adaptation and development of the root system of the flower. Before planting the seeds in the ground, it must be pickled. If you don’t want to use potassium permanganate for this, pour boiling water over the soil

This is especially important when the substrate is taken from the site of the house and the compost is stored in the underground all winter. Someone calcifies the earth using the heating method, considering this method of processing to be the most effective

Features of planting a perennial plant

It is worth remembering that to decorate the site you need to plant the plant correctly; how to do this is the answer below.

Reference. The distance between small bushes should be at least 25 cm, and for large plants - 45 cm, otherwise, as the bushes grow, they will interfere with each other.

You can plant primrose in different ways, but let’s look at when to do it and how to do it using the most common methods.

Seeds

Most gardeners prefer to propagate the plant by seeds.
Sowing can be done 3 times per season. Gardeners generally prefer to plant primrose in this way. The nuance is that it differs in technology, since this can be done 3 times per season, while the sowing technology differs:

1. Planting in spring. It is worth remembering that primrose seeds lose their viability very quickly, so for spring planting in the garden you need to use seeds purchased in the store. But before planting the plant in open ground, you need to prepare the seeds. A month before planting, you need to pour a special soil mixture into a container and scatter the seeds over it. You don’t need to sprinkle them, just press them a little into the soil. Not all varieties of primrose need stratification, so before you start preparing seeds for sowing, you should clarify whether it is worth applying long-term preparation to a particular variety.
2. Sowing in autumn is the most popular technology among gardeners. If you use this planting method, the plants will delight you with flowers for the next season. The only rule when planting in the fall is to cover the soil in which the seeds are sown to prevent freezing. Interesting! As soon as the snow begins to melt and the plant will be provided with a sufficient amount of moisture, which is very good for young sprouts. At the same time, in early spring there are no burning rays of the sun that can harm young leaves.
3. Sowing seedlings at home at the end of January, beginning of February. This method is more labor-intensive, as it requires careful preparation of the seed, so it is used only in exceptional cases.

It is worth noting that if it is not possible to sow primrose yourself, you can buy ready-made seedlings and propagate plants using simpler methods.

From the video you will learn how to plant primrose seeds:

Cuttings into the ground

This method of propagating a plant is very simple; let’s look at how to plant a cutting correctly:

1. Carefully separate the part of the shoot at the neck of the root so that there is a bud and a leaf on it. In this case, the sheet plate must be cut in half.
2. Prepare the soil by mixing sand and humus in equal quantities.
3. Plant the cuttings in the prepared composition.
4. For rooting, you need to create optimal conditions for the plant:
   temperature – +17 degrees;
5. bright lighting without direct sunlight;
6. the soil is moderately moist.

When the third leaf appears, the primrose is transplanted into a small pot, the diameter of which should not be more than 10 cm. The plant is planted in the garden with the onset of warm weather in an open area.

From the video you will learn how to divide primroses in the fall:

Plant propagation

In addition to sowing seeds, these flowers can be propagated by dividing the bush, cuttings and rooting shoots.

Dividing the bush.

Primrose bushes are divided in the third year, and some varieties are divided not earlier than the fifth year of growth. In the spring before flowering or in the fall, after it has flowered, the plant is dug up and the roots are completely cleared from the ground.

Using a sharp knife, the root must be divided into several parts so that each division has a renewal bud, a sufficiently developed root system and a rosette of leaves. The cut areas must be immediately sprinkled with ash, avoiding drying out, and the plant must be planted back into open ground or a pot as quickly as possible. It is necessary to water the divisions daily for two weeks, and if the division was made in the fall, then it is better to cover the plants for the winter.

Propagation by cuttings.

For this option for propagating primroses, it is necessary to select the largest bushes and separate from them some of the already formed thick roots. On the separated cuttings, longitudinal cuts are made in the upper part. This will help the buds grow faster. The cuttings are planted 3–4 cm deep and cared for in the usual way.

Rooting primrose cuttings

Rooting.

This method is perfect if the roots of the plant are still weak and the rosettes have not yet developed enough for division. The leaf petiole with the bud must be separated at the very base of the root. In this case, it is recommended to reduce the sheet plate itself by a third. The separated petiole with part of the shoot must be planted in a specially prepared mixture of sand and soil. The pot with the petiole is placed in a bright place, but protected from direct sunlight, and the ambient temperature is maintained at 16–18 degrees. When shoots appear from the bud, they must be planted in different pots and planted in open ground as soon as weather conditions become suitable.

Landing technology

Many gardeners prefer to replant primrose by dividing the rhizome. However, this is an unreliable technology: if you divide the roots, the plant may form only one rosette. This will lead to the fact that the root system will not be powerful enough to adapt to new conditions. That is why it is better to replant a flower by rooting shoots.

Find out also how to propagate primrose.

First you need to prepare the ground in advance. Next, you need to cut off the petiole at the base of the neck of the flower root.

It is important to make the cut so that there is a bud or shoot on the cut part of the leaf. After this, cut off half of the leaf plate

The result is a cutting that needs to be planted in the soil. The soil where the plant is transplanted must be moist.

You can leave the pot outside only in cloudy weather. The cuttings are not planted in open ground immediately. First, it must take root in the pot: when several leaves are formed, then it can be transplanted into the garden. If there is more than one primrose, it is advisable to plant them in open ground in beds. This method of planting flowers will simplify watering in the future.

Further care after transplantation

After transplantation, the plant is very whimsical. This applies to both temperature conditions and the amount of moisture. To activate growth, the flower requires feeding. In addition, a plant without proper care is easily susceptible to diseases, which can easily lead to its death.

Watering

The frequency of watering varies among different species and varieties of these flowers. However, the soil in which all these flowers grow must be kept moist. The gardener needs to water the plant at those moments when the top layer of soil has become completely dry.

Important! When watering, it is highly recommended not to touch the primrose itself with water.

Excessive frequency of adding water to the soil when it has not yet been absorbed will lead to too much moisture. This will harm the flower and may cause rotting. In indoor conditions, the average watering frequency is once a week.

Top dressing

Immediately after transplantation, the plant does not need feeding. Due to the fact that primrose blooms immediately after the snow cover melts, it needs to be fed at the very beginning of spring. The best period is the beginning of March.

The complex of nutrients should include:

• potassium;
• phosphorus;
• nitrogen.

An average of 15 grams of each fertilizing element should be applied per 1 m² of soil. When carrying out the procedure, the soil under the flower is loosened so that, in addition to nutrients, the root system is also saturated with air. After the flowering period begins, biologically active fertilizers of organic origin are used 2 weeks later. They are sold in specialized stores for gardeners.

We recommend reading about the properties and uses of evening primrose.

From this additive you need to prepare a solution with water in proportions of 1:10. Watering primrose with 0.5 liters of such liquid will be sufficient for up to next year. A good option for summer residents is to use chicken manure. You can also make a solution from it in a ratio of 1:15 with water. This fertilizer is applied regularly during warm seasons: once a month.

Air temperature and humidity

All varieties of this plant are not suitable for high temperatures. The flower takes root and adapts best after transplantation in the range of +13...+15°C. Temperatures below can harm the plant and lead to death. However, if the environment is warmer, the rate of rooting decreases

It should be taken into account that the reverse conical primrose requires a higher air temperature - +16...+18°C

You will be interested in reading about planting and caring for auricular primrose varieties.

Humidity for this plant is not just useful, but vital. In dry conditions, primrose develops poorly and may dry out. After transplantation, air humidity is critical for the flower, therefore on hot days, when the air temperature rises above +25°C, it is necessary to sprinkle. To maintain moisture for a longer period, you can leave a vessel with water next to the primrose so that it releases moisture.

Soil care

In addition to watering and maintaining air humidity, it is important to care for the soil. First of all, a month after transplanting the primrose, the ground needs to be weeded

If this is not done, the plant may be susceptible to diseases such as powdery mildew or gray rot.

The flower loves clean soil: regularly check the surrounding soil for weeds. Weeds most often appear in May - precisely during the period when primrose intensively absorbs nutrients, storing them for the winter. If you don't dig up the weeds in time, they may not allow the flower to saturate. In addition, weed bushes often provoke the appearance of various diseases and pest attacks.

Did you know? The ancient rivers considered primrose a cure for all ailments and gave it the name dodecatheon. It translates to "flower of the twelve gods."

With the onset of spring, before fertilizing, remove the foliage that was used to insulate the plant for the winter. If this is not done, the withered leaves will interfere with the flow of air and moisture, and will also begin to rot.

Video: Spring care for fine-toothed primrose

How to prepare for winter

To prevent the plant from freezing with the onset of cold weather, it must be prepared in advance:

1. In the last days of autumn, when the air temperature tends to 0°C, manure fertilizer is applied.
2. Before direct insulation, the roots of the flower are inspected - they must be in the soil.
3. If the root system protrudes from the ground, it must be covered with soil.
4. After this, insulate the roots with fallen leaves from other trees.
5. After 15 days, you need to weed the soil near the flower.
6. In winter, the plant does not require care or watering. When spring arrives, simply remove the insulating foliage.

We recommend reading about growing and caring for fine-toothed primrose.

Primrose in landscape design, combination with other flowers

In any garden there are areas covered with shadow from fences, walls or tree crowns - ideal conditions for primroses. Flowers can be combined with other plants, and flower beds where different varieties, species and hybrids of primroses bloom continuously one after another also look good.

What can be decorated with bright and unpretentious primroses? Yes, anything - borders, ponds, rockeries, as well as rocky hills, flower beds of all types, lawns, etc.

The flower grows well in containers and hanging flowerpots, which means it can be used to decorate a porch, gazebo, balcony or stairs. The main thing is to create suitable conditions for the flower.

Primroses enjoy the reputation of being good companions; they are simply not capable of crushing their neighbors. They will direct their growth to where there is free space, without displacing anyone. Flowers and herbs with similar preferences are planted next to primroses - diffuse shade and constant, moderate soil moisture. The most successful neighbors include ferns, astilbes, miniature conifers and hosts.

The love for primroses is long lasting; after planting just one flower, you will definitely want more. It becomes difficult to stop later, especially since there are so many of them and they are all so different! The versatility and special unpretentiousness of the plant only increases the interest of gardeners. So we safely recommend planting primroses in your area; planting and caring for them in the open ground will not burden you much.

Cultivation in open ground

Now about growing in open ground.

The soil

Primroses like soil that is hygroscopic, loose and light.

It is important to drain the soil so that moisture does not stagnate and cause rotting of the roots. It grows best in clayey-sandy soils.

If the soil is heavy and clayey, then you can loosen and lighten it by adding a ten-liter volume of sand and a couple of kilograms of manure per cubic meter, and crushed sphagnum and vermiculite for drainage and looseness.

Location

Planting perennial primrose in open ground is done in the second year of life. In spring or autumn seasons. The best place for it will be in the shady part, not far from bushes and trees. An ideal area is illuminated only in the morning, or a rocky hill in the eastern, northern or western parts of the dacha.

Watering and fertilizing

The soil needs to be kept slightly moist, using water at the rate of three liters per square. In hot weather, watering is doubled. They are fed with mineral compounds the same as for a home plant. You should not be too zealous with nitrogen supplements, so that the plant does not devote all its energy to the formation of foliage, then flowers simply will not turn out.

In order to avoid such an incident, nitrogen fertilizers are alternated with potassium and phosphorus compounds. Primrose accepts peat and humus, compost and leaf soil well. This not only enriches the soil, but also improves its structural qualities. Feeding is done three times during the growing season - at the beginning of spring, after a few weeks and in the second part of the summer season.

Temperature

Primrose is resistant to cold snaps, tolerates even sub-zero temperatures, down to – 6. It is true that there are hybrids that are not so hardened and it is advisable to harvest them before frost. These plants are stored until spring in containers in a cool place. We talked in more detail about how to prepare primrose for winter here.

Beneficial features

• The entire plant, roots, flowers and stems, contains a high concentration of manganese salts.
• The roots are a source of saponins, essential oils and glycosides.
• The green part and flowers are rich in vitamins, especially vitamin C.
• The leaves are added to soups and salads, and to roasts. It even contains carotene.
• The roots are also used in cooking, both fresh and in dried powder form.
• The decoction has expectorant properties and helps cure diseases of the respiratory system.
• An infusion is prepared from the roots, and a decoction is prepared from the above-ground parts.
• Primrose relieves pain, acts as a diuretic, helps with headaches, insomnia and neuroses.
• The plant is widely included in multifunctional herbal preparations.

Important! The only contraindications are individual intolerance and pregnancy.

The easiest way to propagate primrose is by dividing the bush, but if necessary, you can also resort to the seed method. Read about how to do it correctly here.

An unpretentious, gentle, and at the same time strong plant is not only a decoration for the garden and home, but also a caring healer , saving from illnesses and sadness, generously bestowing its charm and charisma. Just a little attention and a charge of vigor and health will be provided.

Now you know how to divide primrose and when.

Types and varieties of primrose

There are many varieties of primrose that differ in color, height and leaf shape.

• Large-cupped primrose. Found in the southern regions of Russia, the Caucasus, and southern Siberia. It has wide leaves and flowers with elongated cups. Flowers are collected in inflorescences on long stems.

• Primula stemless. A low plant strewn with small flowers. This species is most often used for breeding. The following varieties have been developed:

• Danielle – white flowers with an orange center;

• White coquette – white flowers with a yellow center;

• Bicolor – yellow center, white border and pink edges of flowers;

• Pegint Blue – blue flowers with a yellow eye;

• Danova cherry with border - burgundy flowers with a silver border and a yellow center.

• Primrose officinalis. It grows in Central Russia in dry meadows and forest edges. Yellow flowers resembling bells are framed by wrinkled leaves.

• Chinese primrose. Serrated leaves, yellow flowers on a long stem.

• Primula cuis. The leaves have a serrated edge, green with a white coating. The flowers are yellow.

• Japanese primrose. The leaves are wide, there is one stem, and on it there are crimson flowers like an umbrella.

Types and varieties of primrose

As already mentioned, there are so many primroses in nature that botanists had to divide them into 30 sections. There are also plenty of species, varieties and hybrids in culture. They can be described endlessly. We will introduce you to the most common cultivated species and their most popular varieties.

Stemless primrose, or common primrose (Primula vulgaris)

grows in nature in Southern and Central Europe on the edges of forests, in alpine meadows near melting snow. This species has a short rhizome with thick cord-like roots. Lanceolate leaves up to 6 cm wide and up to 25 cm long are partially preserved during the winter. Light yellow or white with a purple throat, single flowers open on short peduncles 6 to 20 cm high, their wide petals are divided into two lobes. Despite the fact that it was called ordinary, the stemless primrose is very beautiful and during flowering its bush looks like a bouquet. Flowering can begin in March, sometimes this species blooms again in September. In culture since the 16th century. Varieties:

• – Virginia – white flowers with a pale yellow throat;
• – Giga White – white primrose;
• – Cerulea – blue flowers with a yellow throat.

High primrose (Primula elatior).

Grows in the Carpathians, in the middle and southern parts of Western Europe. This is a perennial with wrinkled oval leaves, finely toothed along the edges, from 5 to 20 cm long and 2 to 7 cm wide, which sharply taper towards the petiole. On the upper side of the leaf the veins are depressed, and on the lower side they protrude. Light yellow with a bright yellow spot at the base of the petals, fragrant flowers up to 2 cm in diameter are collected in umbrella-shaped inflorescences of 5-15 pieces. The barely pubescent peduncle reaches a height of 10 to 35 cm. Tall primrose blooms profusely from April for 50-60 days. There are hybrids with larger flowers of lilac, white, cream, red, yellow - plain, with an eye or bordered. Varieties:

• – Duplex – cherry flowers up to 2.5 cm in diameter with a dark yellow throat;
• – Rosea – dark pink flowers with a yellow eye;
• – Gelle Farben – light purple flowers with a diameter of 3.5 cm with a yellow throat;
• – Goldgrand – brown flowers with a golden border and a yellow throat, diameter 2.5 cm.

There are groups of hybrids based on tall primrose with large flowers and long peduncles, attractive for growing as cut flowers. Among them are terry primrose Curiosity of a yellow-brown hue, Golden Dream of a bright yellow color, and Olga Menden with flowers of a light red hue.

Siebold's Primula (Primula sieboldii)

blooms in June with lilac and pink flowers of different shades, collected in loose umbrella-shaped inflorescences. After flowering, the leaves of this ephemeroid die off.

Spring primrose (Primula veris),

which is often called primrose officinalis, a representative of the European flora. It has wrinkled, ovate leaves up to 20 cm long and up to 6 cm wide, with veins depressed on the upper side and convex on the lower pubescent side. The flowers are yellow with an orange spot at the base of the petals. Garden forms of this species have a rich palette of colors - single-color and two-color simple or double flowers bloom profusely from April to June.

In addition to the described species, primroses Siquim, Bisa, fine-toothed, auricular, Geller, snowy, small, Voronova, Yulia, Komarov, Ruprecht and many, many others are attractive to gardeners.

Forcing

During forcing, primroses are transplanted into more favorable conditions to accelerate their growth and development. This allows you to get flowers faster, but at the same time the roots and stems are depleted, and therefore the flowers will require a long - up to 2 years - restoration and rest. For forcing, garden primroses that are more than 2 years old are used.

• Before frost, primroses are dug up and, together with the soil adhering to the roots, transferred to separate containers.
• They are stored in dark rooms at a temperature of no more than 8 degrees, without watering: under warmer conditions they will begin to grow actively, and flowering, on the contrary, will slow down and occur much later.
• Then, at the end of January, the containers are moved to a brighter room and the temperature is raised, but not more than +18 degrees, and at the same time they are slowly watered.
• With this method, flowering occurs by the beginning of spring. Often forcing is used to obtain the first flowers by March 8th.
• After flowering has finished, the primrose should be moved to a cool, bright place and watered regularly. After 1–3 years it can again be used for forcing.

Sources

• https://antonovsad.ru/primula-sadovaya-mnogoletnyaya-vyrashchivanie-iz-semyan-posadka-i-uhod-2382/
• https://selo.guru/rastenievodstvo/derorativ/primula/osobennosti-posadki-osenyu.html
• https://attuale.ru/primula-mnogoletnyaya-sadovaya-posadka-i-uhod/
• https://agronomu.com/bok/864-sovety-po-vyraschivaniyu-komnatnoy-primuly.html
• https://klumba.guru/komnatnye-cvety/primula/vyraschivanie-komnatnoy-primuly-i-uhod-v-domashnih-usloviyah.html
• https://floristics.info/ru/stati/sadovodstvo/2477-primula-posadka-i-ukhod-v-otkrytom-grunte.html
• https://selo.guru/rastenievodstvo/derorativ/primula/osobennosti-peresadki.html
• https://dacha.expert/domashnie-rasteniya/tsvetushhie/primula/posadka-osenyu.html

Summarizing the article

So, a short list of the main points of the article. What you need to know about primrose:

1. Primrose is a perennial garden plant from the primrose family.
2. Propagated by dividing the bush or leaves.
3. Seeds are sown in boxes or pots. They are planted in open ground in the second year of life at the end of May or early autumn.
4. Perennials are fertilized in early spring.
5. Primroses are shade-loving plants and do not tolerate direct sunlight.
6. After about 4 years, the bushes need to be divided.

Garden primrose is so diverse with an abundance of varieties that it can become a real decoration of a plot of land if you treat it with love. Growing primroses is not difficult, you just need a little knowledge, patience and skill. Share your experience of growing this truly “divine” flower, with which spring comes to our garden.

Photo and consultation with gardener Victoria Vozhakova

The second name of this wonderful flower is primrose. This is completely logical, considering that it is he who holds the “palm” among spring flowers. Garden primrose is distinguished by a variety of varieties, is unpretentious in care and does not require much attention. The basic rules for growing spring primrose are described in our information.

A variety of varieties and colors will allow you to experiment with a suitable site design. Despite its inconspicuous size, garden primrose has an additional advantage - bright inflorescences. The petals are double, simple, and uneven in color. Classification is carried out according to the arrangement of inflorescences.

The following types are distinguished:

The differences between the species are not so noticeable, especially since breeding work makes it possible to obtain more and more varieties of this plant literally every year. On sale, primroses are often labeled not by variety, but by the color of the inflorescences. Most often they sell grown flowers with a pronounced decorative effect. To extend the life of such a gift, you need to know the basic rules of plant agriculture.

Transfer times for different regions

Due to the fact that clematis is unpretentious and very frost-resistant, it can be grown in almost all regions of Russia. But applicable to each individual region, the answer to the question is “when to replant clematis - in autumn or spring?” may be different.

Siberia

Even in Siberia, this vine can fully grow and develop. To do this, you must follow planting dates and plant care rules.

It is better to replant clematis in the conditions of this cold region in the spring; it is not advisable to do this in the fall. If you still had to move the plant in the autumn, it is better to do it early, in early September. In this case, the vine will get stronger before the onset of cold weather. For the winter, the planting should be covered. In Siberian conditions, all clematis require shelter for the winter, regardless of variety and age.

Clematis in Siberia requires shelter for the winter

Spring replanting is preferable, as the weather is most stable at this time. The best period is from mid-April to mid-May. The main thing is that by this time the soil has warmed up sufficiently. If there is no heat for a long time, you can postpone the transplant date to June.

Moscow region

The milder climate of the Moscow region compared to Siberia allows you to transplant clematis both in spring and autumn. Longer planting times:

• in spring - from April to the end of May;
• in autumn - from early September to mid-October.

Important! Both young seedlings and adult plants do not require shelter for the winter in the conditions of the Moscow region

Southern regions of Russia

For these regions with a mild and warm climate, autumn transplantation is better suited, or rather the period from late August to late October. This is the best time to transplant clematis to another place.

You can resort to this procedure in the spring, but there is a risk of being late with planting. Warmth in such a climate comes early, the plant can quickly begin to grow. It is not worth replanting a vine on which young shoots have already appeared. It is better to postpone this work until the fall.

Transplanting an adult plant

In a new place, young plants or purchased seedlings take root well, which cannot be said about adult specimens. Of course, if there is a risk of losing an adult clematis, for any reason, it is better to take a chance and transplant it to a new place.

Important! It is not recommended at all to replant this vine after the age of seven years. There is a high probability that the plant will die

It is better to start moving adult clematis in the fall, after flowering has ended.

There are two important points to consider:

All shoots must be shortened so that no more than two buds remain on them. The root system must be dug up as much as possible, cutting off as few roots as possible.

It should be removed carefully so that the largest lump of earth can be moved. Planting in a new place should be carried out according to the same rules that apply to young plants or purchased seedlings

Planting in a new location should be carried out according to the same rules that apply to young plants or purchased seedlings.

What to do with a garden variety?

Now about growing a garden variety of primrose and caring for it.

Low-growing primroses are planted at intervals of 10-15 cm, and large ones at intervals of 20-30 cm. Primrose loves closed and protected spaces, so the flower garden should be organized so that the plants close together after they grow.

It is preferable to transplant on a cloudy day.

1. Prepare a hole of appropriate depth in the desired location.
2. Ash, sand and manure are added to new holes.
3. Dig up the primrose along with a lump of earth.
4. Rearrange the plant, placing it in the center of the new hole. Carefully fill the voids on the sides with soil.
5. Water and shade the plant in hot weather.

If the transplant is associated with the intention of dividing the primrose, then the procedure should be carried out after the flowering period

It is important that after transplantation the flower has time to take root before the onset of the cold season

Important! This issue has its own characteristics, since, for example, the Siebold variety is not divided at the beginning of spring and in the autumn season. This is due to the fact that she wakes up later and by August 15 her foliage is already dying off

Pink primrose blooms in the first month of spring, but does not yet produce leaves. Taking this into account, it is divided only when rosettes are formed.

In addition to the above examples, there are other individual characteristics of the propagation of varieties.

Transplanting clematis

Clematis tolerates transplantation very difficult. The roots of this plant are delicate and vulnerable; they take a long time to recover and adapt to the new planting site.

Important! In order for minimal damage to be caused to the plant during replanting, the technology should be strictly adhered to. Also, to move this plant to another area, you will have to cut off its long shoots

This will deprive you of the opportunity to admire the lush flowering of clematis in the year of planting.

Also, to move this plant to another area, you will have to cut off its long shoots. This will deprive you of the opportunity to admire the lush flowering of clematis in the year of planting.

Abundant flowering of clematis

Causes

The need to move the vine to another place may arise in several cases:

• The size of the bush is too large and there is not enough area for further growth.
• The age of the plant requires its rejuvenation.
• There is a need for a new specimen and it was decided to obtain it by dividing the bush.
• Initially, the landing site was chosen incorrectly.
• There was a need to carry out construction or repair work directly at the site where the vine grew.
• Clematis is affected by the disease and for recovery it requires a change in its place of growth.

Transfer

Particular difficulties during transplantation may arise if the plant is already mature and its size is large. Extracting the root system with a large lump of earth will be problematic. Also, removing shoots from the support can be difficult.

When to replant clematis

To carry out this agrotechnical procedure, you can choose either autumn or spring. The timing for each region may vary depending on the climate.

When replanting in the spring, this work should begin only when the ground is well warmed up and the threat of frost has passed. The time of autumn planting should be determined so that the plant has time to get stronger before the onset of cold weather.

In some cases, it may be necessary to move the vine in the summer. This option is possible, but it is better to avoid it. If, nevertheless, transplanting clematis to another place in the summer is necessary, two important rules must be followed:

• Two to three days before transplanting, clematis should be well watered, which will provide its roots with moisture for the first time after moving.
• After removing the root system with a lump of earth, it must be wrapped in thick cloth. This will prevent moisture loss due to high temperatures and exposure to sunlight.

It is also worth considering that you will not be able to enjoy the flowering this year.

Important! There is even a risk that next year, due to the long adaptation period, the vine will not bloom

Lighting

Primrose prefers bright, but diffused lighting.

Window sills facing west or east are perfect for primrose. On the north side there will not be enough light, and on the south window the scorching sun can leave burns on the leaves.

The flower can grow in partial shade and even in the shade, but the lack of lighting will affect the duration of its flowering. If you keep the plant in bright but diffused sunlight, it can bloom from February to July, provided there is plenty of watering and no overheating.

After flowering, the plant begins a dormant period. At this time, it does not form new leaves and peduncles, but old leaves do not fade. At this time, it is best to move the flower to a less lit place and keep it in partial shade. In winter, you need to place it on a northern window sill closer to the glass to provide partial shade at low temperatures. Before flowering begins, the lighting is gradually increased.

Diseases

Now let's look at how to care for primrose at home during a plant illness.

If not properly cared for, primrose can be affected by fungal diseases, leading to rotting of the root system, and viral diseases, causing growth arrest, chlorosis and leaf deformation. Appropriate fungicides should be used to control them.

Among the pests, aphids, spider mites, and thrips can pose a danger to primroses.

They can be removed mechanically by wiping the plant with a swab dipped in alcohol or soap solution. If there are a lot of parasites, you will have to use insecticides: Aktaru, Decis or Actellik.

Possible diseases and treatment

Often, a plant that has been transplanted dies from a disease called downy mildew. It is also popularly called downy mildew. This disease harms shoots, leaves, and peduncles. The disease is absolutely not afraid of frost. In winter, it is found in fallen leaves, roots and seeds.

The most important thing is to notice the disease in time. It manifests itself with the following symptoms:

• Shapeless spots appeared on the leaves. They are yellow, pale yellow, red-brown.
• As the disease progresses, the leaves will begin to wither and turn brown.
• The areas that were affected will eventually merge together.
• A whitish coating appeared at the bottom of the leaf.

To prevent the plant from contracting downy mildew, it is recommended to weed the area after replanting. It is also necessary to abandon nitrogen-containing fertilizers and destroy all weeds. If the gardener himself cannot cope with the disease, then he needs to buy biological preparations - “Fitosporin” or “Alirin”.

Another disease that affects primrose is ramulariasis. Large spots of round yellow color are a clear sign of this disease. As the disease progresses, the spots change colors and eventually holes appear in their place. Ramularia occurs in cool and excessively humid flower conditions.

To prevent primrose from becoming a victim of this disease, it must be properly watered and the soil must be loosened in a timely manner. If ramulariasis is noticed, action must be taken immediately. The first step is to remove all affected areas of the plant. Then you can treat it with fungicides - “Fundazol” or “Vitaros”.

Also, the flower often dies due to gray rot. It is caused by a fungus. During growth, spots with a gray coating appear on the peduncles and foliage. If the affected area is large, the primrose dies.

Gray rot may appear due to poor ventilation, small amounts of light, or waterlogging of the soil. To overcome the disease, use “Fundazol”, but first remove the infected areas of the flower.

Threats and pests

Growing garden primrose in winter may come with some risks. For example, in order to protect a flower from freezing, it must be covered with a dense layer of dry leaves, bark or spruce branches.

Like many other plants, primrose seedlings can be affected by rot. Most often it occurs due to excessive watering of the flower. In addition, the plant can be affected by powdery mildew, jaundice and various infections.

Among the insects that can be dangerous for primrose:

• aphid
• weevils
• spider mite
• slugs

To prevent the impact of all threats, it is necessary to regularly inspect flowers in order to notice changes in the shape and color of leaves and inflorescences in time. Also, to ensure trouble-free growth of primrose, prevention can be carried out every spring by treating it with a special solution.

Why replant primrose to a new place or in another pot?

For its active growth and abundant flowering, primrose takes nutrients and mineral elements from the soil. And the more luxuriantly a bush blooms in the garden, the faster the soil is depleted. Replanting is necessary in order to renew the soil and give the plant the necessary nutrition. Changing the soil promotes flower rejuvenation.

Replanting a plant is a sure way to rejuvenate and renew it

Replanting is necessary in order to prevent degradation of the flower, which blooms less readily and luxuriantly with age.

Additional Information! Primrose grows into a large, spreading bush within 4-5 years. The rosettes become crowded next to each other, which is why the plant stops blooming.

When is it better to replant a flower, in spring or autumn?

First of all, the time of transplantation depends on the type and variety of primrose.

• Species that have two phases of active growth and bloom twice in a season are replanted after flowering ends in spring or autumn.
• Primroses, which bloom once, in April-May, are recommended to be replanted in early autumn, when the plant awakens. This period is good for replanting a plant because the primrose has gained strength and can perfectly adapt to new conditions for it.

We talked in detail about the intricacies of caring for primrose and replanting the plant in the fall here.